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TimeSeries

Struct TimeSeries 

pub struct TimeSeries { /* private fields */ }
Expand description

An iterator of a sequence of evenly spaced Epochs.

(Python documentation hints) :type start: Epoch :type end: Epoch :type step: Duration :type inclusive: bool

Implementations§

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impl TimeSeries

pub fn exclusive(start: Epoch, end: Epoch, step: Duration) -> TimeSeries ⓘ

Return an iterator of evenly spaced Epochs, inclusive on start and exclusive on end.

use hifitime::{Epoch, Unit, TimeSeries};
let start = Epoch::from_gregorian_utc_at_midnight(2017, 1, 14);
let end = Epoch::from_gregorian_utc_at_noon(2017, 1, 14);
let step = Unit::Hour * 2;
let time_series = TimeSeries::exclusive(start, end, step);
let mut cnt = 0;
for epoch in time_series {
    println!("{}", epoch);
    cnt += 1
}
assert_eq!(cnt, 6)

pub fn first_epoch(&self) -> Epoch

Returns first Epoch of this TimeSeries, without consuming the iterator.

pub fn last_epoch(&self) -> Epoch

Returns last Epoch of this TimeSeries, without consuming the iterator.

pub fn inclusive(start: Epoch, end: Epoch, step: Duration) -> TimeSeries ⓘ

Return an iterator of evenly spaced Epochs, inclusive on start and on end.

use hifitime::{Epoch, Unit, TimeSeries};
let start = Epoch::from_gregorian_utc_at_midnight(2017, 1, 14);
let end = Epoch::from_gregorian_utc_at_noon(2017, 1, 14);
let step = Unit::Hour * 2;
let time_series = TimeSeries::inclusive(start, end, step);
let mut cnt = 0;
for epoch in time_series {
    println!("{}", epoch);
    cnt += 1
}
assert_eq!(cnt, 7)
Examples found in repository?
nyx-core/examples/04_lro_od/main.rs (line 301)
34fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
35    pel::init();
36
37    // ====================== //
38    // === ALMANAC SET UP === //
39    // ====================== //
40
41    // Dynamics models require planetary constants and ephemerides to be defined.
42    // Let's start by grabbing those by using ANISE's MetaAlmanac.
43
44    let output_folder: PathBuf = [env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"), "../data", "04_output"]
45        .iter()
46        .collect();
47
48    let data_folder: PathBuf = [env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"), "examples", "04_lro_od"]
49        .iter()
50        .collect();
51
52    let meta = data_folder.join("lro-dynamics.dhall");
53
54    // Load this ephem in the general Almanac we're using for this analysis.
55    let almanac = Arc::new(
56        MetaAlmanac::new(meta.to_string_lossy().as_ref())
57            .map_err(Box::new)?
58            .process(true)
59            .map_err(Box::new)?,
60    );
61
62    // Orbit determination requires a Trajectory structure, which can be saved as parquet file.
63    // In our case, the trajectory comes from the BSP file, so we need to build a Trajectory from the almanac directly.
64    // To query the Almanac, we need to build the LRO frame in the J2000 orientation in our case.
65    // Inspecting the LRO BSP in the ANISE GUI shows us that NASA has assigned ID -85 to LRO.
66    let lro_frame = Frame::from_ephem_j2000(-85);
67
68    // To build the trajectory we need to provide a spacecraft template.
69    let sc_template = Spacecraft::builder()
70        .mass(Mass::from_dry_and_prop_masses(1018.0, 900.0)) // Launch masses
71        .srp(SRPData {
72            // SRP configuration is arbitrary, but we will be estimating it anyway.
73            area_m2: 3.9 * 2.7,
74            coeff_reflectivity: 0.96,
75        })
76        .orbit(Orbit::zero(MOON_J2000)) // Setting a zero orbit here because it's just a template
77        .build();
78    // Now we can build the trajectory from the BSP file.
79    // We'll arbitrarily set the tracking arc to 24 hours with a five second time step.
80    let traj_as_flown = Traj::from_bsp(
81        lro_frame,
82        MOON_J2000,
83        &almanac,
84        sc_template,
85        5.seconds(),
86        Some(Epoch::from_str("2024-01-01 01:00:00 UTC")?),
87        Some(Epoch::from_str("2024-01-02 01:00:00 UTC")?),
88        None,
89        Some("LRO".to_string()),
90    )?;
91
92    println!("{traj_as_flown}");
93
94    // ====================== //
95    // === MODEL MATCHING === //
96    // ====================== //
97
98    // Set up the spacecraft dynamics.
99
100    // Specify that the orbital dynamics must account for the graviational pull of the Earth and the Sun.
101    // The gravity of the Moon will also be accounted for since the spaceraft in a lunar orbit.
102    let mut orbital_dyn = OrbitalDynamics::point_masses(vec![EARTH, SUN, JUPITER_BARYCENTER]);
103
104    // We want to include the spherical harmonics, so let's download the gravitational data from the Nyx Cloud.
105    // We're using the GRAIL JGGRX model.
106    let mut jggrx_meta = MetaFile {
107        uri: "http://public-data.nyxspace.com/nyx/models/Luna_jggrx_1500e_sha.tab.gz".to_string(),
108        crc32: Some(0x6bcacda8), // Specifying the CRC32 avoids redownloading it if it's cached.
109    };
110    // And let's download it if we don't have it yet.
111    jggrx_meta.process(true)?;
112
113    // Build the spherical harmonics.
114    // The harmonics must be computed in the body fixed frame.
115    // We're using the long term prediction of the Moon principal axes frame.
116    let moon_pa_frame = MOON_PA_FRAME.with_orient(31008);
117    let sph_harmonics = GravityField::new(GravityFieldData::from_shadr(
118        &jggrx_meta.uri,
119        81,
120        81,
121        almanac.frame_info(moon_pa_frame)?,
122    )?);
123
124    // Include the spherical harmonics into the orbital dynamics.
125    orbital_dyn.accel_models.push(sph_harmonics);
126
127    // We define the solar radiation pressure, using the default solar flux and accounting only
128    // for the eclipsing caused by the Earth and Moon.
129    // Note that by default, enabling the SolarPressure model will also enable the estimation of the coefficient of reflectivity.
130    let srp_dyn = SolarPressure::new(vec![EARTH_J2000, MOON_J2000], &almanac)?;
131
132    // Finalize setting up the dynamics, specifying the force models (orbital_dyn) separately from the
133    // acceleration models (SRP in this case). Use `from_models` to specify multiple accel models.
134    let dynamics = SpacecraftDynamics::from_model(orbital_dyn, srp_dyn);
135
136    println!("{dynamics}");
137
138    // Now we can build the propagator.
139    let setup = Propagator::default_dp78(dynamics.clone());
140
141    // For reference, let's build the trajectory with Nyx's models from that LRO state.
142    let (sim_final, traj_as_sim) = setup
143        .with(*traj_as_flown.first(), almanac.clone())
144        .until_epoch_with_traj(traj_as_flown.last().epoch())?;
145
146    println!("SIM INIT:  {:x}", traj_as_flown.first());
147    println!("SIM FINAL: {sim_final:x}");
148    // Compute RIC difference between SIM and LRO ephem
149    let sim_lro_delta = sim_final
150        .orbit
151        .ric_difference(&traj_as_flown.last().orbit)?;
152    println!("{traj_as_sim}");
153    println!(
154        "SIM v LRO - RIC Position (m): {:.3}",
155        sim_lro_delta.radius_km * 1e3
156    );
157    println!(
158        "SIM v LRO - RIC Velocity (m/s): {:.3}",
159        sim_lro_delta.velocity_km_s * 1e3
160    );
161
162    traj_as_sim.ric_diff_to_parquet(
163        &traj_as_flown,
164        output_folder.join("./04_lro_sim_truth_error.parquet"),
165        ExportCfg::default(),
166    )?;
167
168    // ==================== //
169    // === OD SIMULATOR === //
170    // ==================== //
171
172    // After quite some time trying to exactly match the model, we still end up with an oscillatory difference on the order of 150 meters between the propagated state
173    // and the truth LRO state.
174
175    // Therefore, we will actually run an estimation from a dispersed LRO state.
176    // The sc_seed is the true LRO state from the BSP.
177    let sc_seed = *traj_as_flown.first();
178
179    // Load the Deep Space Network ground stations.
180    // Nyx allows you to build these at runtime but it's pretty static so we can just load them from YAML.
181    let ground_station_file: PathBuf = [
182        env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
183        "examples",
184        "04_lro_od",
185        "dsn-network.yaml",
186    ]
187    .iter()
188    .collect();
189
190    let devices = GroundStation::load_named(ground_station_file)?;
191
192    let proc_devices = devices.clone();
193
194    // Typical OD software requires that you specify your own tracking schedule or you'll have overlapping measurements.
195    // Nyx can build a tracking schedule for you based on the first station with access.
196    let trkconfg_yaml: PathBuf = [
197        env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
198        "examples",
199        "04_lro_od",
200        "tracking-cfg.yaml",
201    ]
202    .iter()
203    .collect();
204
205    let configs: BTreeMap<String, TrkConfig> = TrkConfig::load_named(trkconfg_yaml)?;
206
207    // Build the tracking arc simulation to generate a "standard measurement".
208    let mut trk = TrackingArcSim::<Spacecraft, GroundStation>::with_seed(
209        devices.clone(),
210        traj_as_flown.clone(),
211        configs,
212        123, // Set a seed for reproducibility
213    )?;
214
215    trk.build_schedule(&almanac)?;
216    let arc = trk.generate_measurements(&almanac)?;
217    // Save the simulated tracking data
218    arc.to_parquet_simple(output_folder.join("04_lro_simulated_tracking.parquet"))?;
219
220    // We'll note that in our case, we have continuous coverage of LRO when the vehicle is not behind the Moon.
221    println!("{arc}");
222
223    // Now that we have simulated measurements, we'll run the orbit determination.
224
225    // ===================== //
226    // === OD ESTIMATION === //
227    // ===================== //
228
229    let sc = SpacecraftUncertainty::builder()
230        .nominal(sc_seed)
231        .frame(LocalFrame::RIC)
232        .x_km(0.5)
233        .y_km(0.5)
234        .z_km(0.5)
235        .vx_km_s(5e-3)
236        .vy_km_s(5e-3)
237        .vz_km_s(5e-3)
238        .build();
239
240    // Build the filter initial estimate, which we will reuse in the filter.
241    let mut initial_estimate = sc.to_estimate()?;
242    initial_estimate.covar *= 1.5;
243
244    println!("== FILTER STATE ==\n{sc_seed:x}\n{initial_estimate}");
245
246    // Build the SNC in the Moon J2000 frame, specified as a velocity noise over time.
247    let process_noise = ProcessNoise3D::from_velocity_km_s(
248        &[5e-13, 5e-13, 5e-13],
249        1 * Unit::Hour,
250        10 * Unit::Minute,
251        None,
252    );
253
254    println!("{process_noise}");
255
256    // We'll set up the OD process to reject measurements whose residuals are move than 3 sigmas away from what we expect.
257    let odp = SpacecraftKalmanOD::new(
258        setup,
259        KalmanVariant::ReferenceUpdate,
260        Some(SigmaRejection::default()),
261        proc_devices,
262        almanac.clone(),
263    )
264    .with_process_noise(process_noise);
265
266    let od_sol = odp.process_arc(initial_estimate, &arc)?;
267
268    let final_est = od_sol.estimates.last().unwrap();
269
270    println!("{final_est}");
271
272    let ric_err = traj_as_flown
273        .at(final_est.epoch())?
274        .orbit
275        .ric_difference(&final_est.orbital_state())?;
276    println!("== RIC at end ==");
277    println!("RIC Position (m): {:.3}", ric_err.radius_km * 1e3);
278    println!("RIC Velocity (m/s): {:.3}", ric_err.velocity_km_s * 1e3);
279
280    println!(
281        "Num residuals rejected: #{}",
282        od_sol.rejected_residuals().len()
283    );
284    println!(
285        "Percentage within +/-3: {}",
286        od_sol.residual_ratio_within_threshold(3.0).unwrap()
287    );
288    println!("Ratios normal? {}", od_sol.is_normal(None).unwrap());
289    od_sol.nis_consistency(None)?.log();
290
291    od_sol.to_parquet(
292        output_folder.join("04_lro_od_results.parquet"),
293        ExportCfg::default(),
294    )?;
295
296    // Create the ephemeris
297    let ephem = od_sol.to_ephemeris("LRO rebuilt".to_string());
298    let ephem_start = ephem.start_epoch().unwrap();
299    let ephem_end = ephem.end_epoch().unwrap();
300    // Check that the covariance is PSD throughout the ephemeris by interpolating it.
301    for epoch in TimeSeries::inclusive(ephem_start, ephem_end, Unit::Minute * 5) {
302        ephem
303            .covar_at(
304                epoch,
305                anise::ephemerides::ephemeris::LocalFrame::RIC,
306                &almanac,
307            )
308            .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("covar not PSD at {epoch}: {e}"));
309    }
310    // Export as BSP!
311    ephem
312        .write_spice_bsp(
313            -85,
314            output_folder.join("04_lro_rebuilt.bsp").to_str().unwrap(),
315            None,
316        )
317        .expect("could not built BSP");
318    let new_almanac = Almanac::default()
319        .load(output_folder.join("04_lro_rebuilt.bsp").to_str().unwrap())
320        .unwrap();
321    new_almanac.describe(None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None);
322    let (spk_start, spk_end) = new_almanac.spk_domain(-85).unwrap();
323
324    assert!((ephem_start - spk_start).abs() < Unit::Microsecond * 1);
325    assert!((ephem_end - spk_end).abs() < Unit::Microsecond * 1);
326
327    // In our case, we have the truth trajectory from NASA.
328    // So we can compute the RIC state difference between the real LRO ephem and what we've just estimated.
329    // Export the OD trajectory first.
330    let od_trajectory = od_sol.to_traj()?;
331    // Build the RIC difference.
332    od_trajectory.ric_diff_to_parquet(
333        &traj_as_flown,
334        output_folder.join("04_lro_od_truth_error.parquet"),
335        ExportCfg::default(),
336    )?;
337
338    Ok(())
339}

Trait Implementations§

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impl Clone for TimeSeries

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fn clone(&self) -> TimeSeries ⓘ

Returns a duplicate of the value. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source. Read more
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impl Debug for TimeSeries

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl DerefToPyAny for TimeSeries

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impl Display for TimeSeries

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl DoubleEndedIterator for TimeSeries

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fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Epoch>

Removes and returns an element from the end of the iterator. Read more
Source§

fn next_chunk_back<const N: usize>( &mut self, ) -> Result<[Self::Item; N], IntoIter<Self::Item, N>>
where Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_next_chunk)
Advances from the back of the iterator and returns an array containing the next N values in sequence. Read more
Source§

fn advance_back_by(&mut self, n: usize) -> Result<(), NonZero<usize>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_advance_by)
Advances the iterator from the back by n elements. Read more
1.37.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn nth_back(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<Self::Item>

Returns the nth element from the end of the iterator. Read more
1.27.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn try_rfold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = B>,

This is the reverse version of Iterator::try_fold(): it takes elements starting from the back of the iterator. Read more
1.27.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn rfold<B, F>(self, init: B, f: F) -> B
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> B,

An iterator method that reduces the iterator’s elements to a single, final value, starting from the back. Read more
1.27.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn rfind<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Searches for an element of an iterator from the back that satisfies a predicate. Read more
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impl Eq for TimeSeries

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impl ExactSizeIterator for TimeSeries

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fn len(&self) -> usize

Returns the exact remaining length of the iterator. Read more
Source§

fn is_empty(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (exact_size_is_empty)
Returns true if the iterator is empty. Read more
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impl<'py> IntoPyObject<'py> for TimeSeries

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type Target = TimeSeries

The Python output type
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type Output = Bound<'py, <TimeSeries as IntoPyObject<'py>>::Target>

The smart pointer type to use. Read more
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type Error = PyErr

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn into_pyobject( self, py: Python<'py>, ) -> Result<<TimeSeries as IntoPyObject<'py>>::Output, <TimeSeries as IntoPyObject<'py>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl Iterator for TimeSeries

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type Item = Epoch

The type of the elements being iterated over.
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fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Epoch>

Advances the iterator and returns the next value. Read more
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fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>)

Returns the bounds on the remaining length of the iterator. Read more
Source§

fn next_chunk<const N: usize>( &mut self, ) -> Result<[Self::Item; N], IntoIter<Self::Item, N>>
where Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_next_chunk)
Advances the iterator and returns an array containing the next N values. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn count(self) -> usize
where Self: Sized,

Consumes the iterator, counting the number of iterations and returning it. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn last(self) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized,

Consumes the iterator, returning the last element. Read more
Source§

fn advance_by(&mut self, n: usize) -> Result<(), NonZero<usize>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_advance_by)
Advances the iterator by n elements. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn nth(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<Self::Item>

Returns the nth element of the iterator. Read more
1.28.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn step_by(self, step: usize) -> StepBy<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator starting at the same point, but stepping by the given amount at each iteration. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn chain<U>(self, other: U) -> Chain<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>,

Takes two iterators and creates a new iterator over both in sequence. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn zip<U>(self, other: U) -> Zip<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator,

‘Zips up’ two iterators into a single iterator of pairs. Read more
Source§

fn intersperse(self, separator: Self::Item) -> Intersperse<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_intersperse)
Creates a new iterator which places a copy of separator between items of the original iterator. Read more
Source§

fn intersperse_with<G>(self, separator: G) -> IntersperseWith<Self, G> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, G: FnMut() -> Self::Item,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_intersperse)
Creates a new iterator which places an item generated by separator between items of the original iterator. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Map<Self, F> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> B,

Takes a closure and creates an iterator which calls that closure on each element. Read more
1.21.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn for_each<F>(self, f: F)
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item),

Calls a closure on each element of an iterator. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn filter<P>(self, predicate: P) -> Filter<Self, P> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Creates an iterator which uses a closure to determine if an element should be yielded. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn filter_map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> FilterMap<Self, F> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

Creates an iterator that both filters and maps. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn enumerate(self) -> Enumerate<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator which gives the current iteration count as well as the next value. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn peekable(self) -> Peekable<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator which can use the peek and peek_mut methods to look at the next element of the iterator without consuming it. See their documentation for more information. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn skip_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> SkipWhile<Self, P> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Creates an iterator that skips elements based on a predicate. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn take_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> TakeWhile<Self, P> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Creates an iterator that yields elements based on a predicate. Read more
1.57.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn map_while<B, P>(self, predicate: P) -> MapWhile<Self, P> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

Creates an iterator that both yields elements based on a predicate and maps. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn skip(self, n: usize) -> Skip<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator that skips the first n elements. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn take(self, n: usize) -> Take<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator that yields the first n elements, or fewer if the underlying iterator ends sooner. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn scan<St, B, F>(self, initial_state: St, f: F) -> Scan<Self, St, F> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&mut St, Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

An iterator adapter which, like fold, holds internal state, but unlike fold, produces a new iterator. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn flat_map<U, F>(self, f: F) -> FlatMap<Self, U, F> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> U,

Creates an iterator that works like map, but flattens nested structure. Read more
1.29.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn flatten(self) -> Flatten<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: IntoIterator,

Creates an iterator that flattens nested structure. Read more
Source§

fn map_windows<F, R, const N: usize>(self, f: F) -> MapWindows<Self, F, N> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&[Self::Item; N]) -> R,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_map_windows)
Calls the given function f for each contiguous window of size N over self and returns an iterator over the outputs of f. Like slice::windows(), the windows during mapping overlap as well. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn fuse(self) -> Fuse<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator which ends after the first None. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn inspect<F>(self, f: F) -> Inspect<Self, F> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item),

Does something with each element of an iterator, passing the value on. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self
where Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adapter for this instance of Iterator. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn collect<B>(self) -> B
where B: FromIterator<Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

Transforms an iterator into a collection. Read more
Source§

fn try_collect<B>( &mut self, ) -> <<Self::Item as Try>::Residual as Residual<B>>::TryType
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Try, <Self::Item as Try>::Residual: Residual<B>, B: FromIterator<<Self::Item as Try>::Output>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iterator_try_collect)
Fallibly transforms an iterator into a collection, short circuiting if a failure is encountered. Read more
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fn collect_into<E>(self, collection: &mut E) -> &mut E
where E: Extend<Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_collect_into)
Collects all the items from an iterator into a collection. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn partition<B, F>(self, f: F) -> (B, B)
where Self: Sized, B: Default + Extend<Self::Item>, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Consumes an iterator, creating two collections from it. Read more
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fn partition_in_place<'a, T, P>(self, predicate: P) -> usize
where T: 'a, Self: Sized + DoubleEndedIterator<Item = &'a mut T>, P: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_partition_in_place)
Reorders the elements of this iterator in-place according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false. Returns the number of true elements found. Read more
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fn is_partitioned<P>(self, predicate: P) -> bool
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_is_partitioned)
Checks if the elements of this iterator are partitioned according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false. Read more
1.27.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn try_fold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = B>,

An iterator method that applies a function as long as it returns successfully, producing a single, final value. Read more
1.27.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn try_for_each<F, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = ()>,

An iterator method that applies a fallible function to each item in the iterator, stopping at the first error and returning that error. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn fold<B, F>(self, init: B, f: F) -> B
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> B,

Folds every element into an accumulator by applying an operation, returning the final result. Read more
1.51.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn reduce<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Self::Item,

Reduces the elements to a single one, by repeatedly applying a reducing operation. Read more
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fn try_reduce<R>( &mut self, f: impl FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> R, ) -> <<R as Try>::Residual as Residual<Option<<R as Try>::Output>>>::TryType
where Self: Sized, R: Try<Output = Self::Item>, <R as Try>::Residual: Residual<Option<Self::Item>>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iterator_try_reduce)
Reduces the elements to a single one by repeatedly applying a reducing operation. If the closure returns a failure, the failure is propagated back to the caller immediately. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn all<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Tests if every element of the iterator matches a predicate. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn any<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Tests if any element of the iterator matches a predicate. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn find<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Searches for an element of an iterator that satisfies a predicate. Read more
1.30.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn find_map<B, F>(&mut self, f: F) -> Option<B>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first non-none result. Read more
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fn try_find<R>( &mut self, f: impl FnMut(&Self::Item) -> R, ) -> <<R as Try>::Residual as Residual<Option<Self::Item>>>::TryType
where Self: Sized, R: Try<Output = bool>, <R as Try>::Residual: Residual<Option<Self::Item>>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_find)
Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first true result or the first error. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn position<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<usize>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Searches for an element in an iterator, returning its index. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn rposition<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<usize>
where P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, Self: Sized + ExactSizeIterator + DoubleEndedIterator,

Searches for an element in an iterator from the right, returning its index. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn max(self) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Returns the maximum element of an iterator. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn min(self) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Returns the minimum element of an iterator. Read more
1.6.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn max_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where B: Ord, Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B,

Returns the element that gives the maximum value from the specified function. Read more
1.15.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn max_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Returns the element that gives the maximum value with respect to the specified comparison function. Read more
1.6.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn min_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where B: Ord, Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B,

Returns the element that gives the minimum value from the specified function. Read more
1.15.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn min_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Returns the element that gives the minimum value with respect to the specified comparison function. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn rev(self) -> Rev<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized + DoubleEndedIterator,

Reverses an iterator’s direction. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn unzip<A, B, FromA, FromB>(self) -> (FromA, FromB)
where FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>, Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = (A, B)>,

Converts an iterator of pairs into a pair of containers. Read more
1.36.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn copied<'a, T>(self) -> Copied<Self> ⓘ
where T: Copy + 'a, Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = &'a T>,

Creates an iterator which copies all of its elements. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn cloned<'a, T>(self) -> Cloned<Self> ⓘ
where T: Clone + 'a, Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = &'a T>,

Creates an iterator which clones all of its elements. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn cycle(self) -> Cycle<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized + Clone,

Repeats an iterator endlessly. Read more
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fn array_chunks<const N: usize>(self) -> ArrayChunks<Self, N> ⓘ
where Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_array_chunks)
Returns an iterator over N elements of the iterator at a time. Read more
1.11.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn sum<S>(self) -> S
where Self: Sized, S: Sum<Self::Item>,

Sums the elements of an iterator. Read more
1.11.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn product<P>(self) -> P
where Self: Sized, P: Product<Self::Item>,

Iterates over the entire iterator, multiplying all the elements. Read more
1.5.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn cmp<I>(self, other: I) -> Ordering
where I: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>, Self::Item: Ord, Self: Sized,

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another. Read more
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fn cmp_by<I, F>(self, other: I, cmp: F) -> Ordering
where Self: Sized, I: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> Ordering,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)
Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another with respect to the specified comparison function. Read more
1.5.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn partial_cmp<I>(self, other: I) -> Option<Ordering>
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Lexicographically compares the PartialOrd elements of this Iterator with those of another. The comparison works like short-circuit evaluation, returning a result without comparing the remaining elements. As soon as an order can be determined, the evaluation stops and a result is returned. Read more
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fn partial_cmp_by<I, F>(self, other: I, partial_cmp: F) -> Option<Ordering>
where Self: Sized, I: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> Option<Ordering>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)
Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another with respect to the specified comparison function. Read more
1.5.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn eq<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are equal to those of another. Read more
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fn eq_by<I, F>(self, other: I, eq: F) -> bool
where Self: Sized, I: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)
Determines if the elements of this Iterator are equal to those of another with respect to the specified equality function. Read more
1.5.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn ne<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are not equal to those of another. Read more
1.5.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn lt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less than those of another. Read more
1.5.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn le<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less or equal to those of another. Read more
1.5.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn gt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than those of another. Read more
1.5.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn ge<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than or equal to those of another. Read more
1.82.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn is_sorted(self) -> bool
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: PartialOrd,

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted. Read more
1.82.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn is_sorted_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> bool
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> bool,

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given comparator function. Read more
1.82.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn is_sorted_by_key<F, K>(self, f: F) -> bool
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> K, K: PartialOrd,

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given key extraction function. Read more
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impl LowerExp for TimeSeries

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Prints the Epoch in TDB

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impl LowerHex for TimeSeries

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Prints the Epoch in TAI

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impl Octal for TimeSeries

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Prints the Epoch in GPS

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impl PartialEq for TimeSeries

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fn eq(&self, other: &TimeSeries) -> bool

Equality operator ==. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Inequality operator !=. Read more
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impl Pointer for TimeSeries

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Prints the Epoch in UNIX

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impl PyClass for TimeSeries

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const NAME: &'static str = "TimeSeries"

Name of the class. Read more
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type Frozen = False

Whether the pyclass is frozen. Read more
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impl PyTypeInfo for TimeSeries

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const NAME: &'static str = <Self as ::pyo3::PyClass>::NAME

👎Deprecated since 0.28.0:

prefer using ::type_object(py).name() to get the correct runtime value

Class name.
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const MODULE: Option<&'static str> = <Self as ::pyo3::impl_::pyclass::PyClassImpl>::MODULE

👎Deprecated since 0.28.0:

prefer using ::type_object(py).module() to get the correct runtime value

Module name, if any.
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fn type_object_raw(py: Python<'_>) -> *mut PyTypeObject

Returns the PyTypeObject instance for this type.
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fn type_object(py: Python<'_>) -> Bound<'_, PyType>

Returns the safe abstraction over the type object.
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fn is_type_of(object: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> bool

Checks if object is an instance of this type or a subclass of this type.
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fn is_exact_type_of(object: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> bool

Checks if object is an instance of this type.
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impl StructuralPartialEq for TimeSeries

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impl UpperExp for TimeSeries

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Prints the Epoch in ET

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impl UpperHex for TimeSeries

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Prints the Epoch in TT

Auto Trait Implementations§

Blanket Implementations§

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impl<T> Allocation for T
where T: RefUnwindSafe + Send + Sync,

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impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

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fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
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impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<ST, DT> CastableFrom<ST, Initialized, Initialized> for DT
where ST: ?Sized, DT: ?Sized,

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impl<ST, DT> CastableFrom<ST, Uninit, Uninit> for DT
where ST: ?Sized, DT: ?Sized,

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impl<T> CloneToUninit for T
where T: Clone,

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unsafe fn clone_to_uninit(&self, dest: *mut u8)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (clone_to_uninit)
Performs copy-assignment from self to dest. Read more
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impl<Q, K> Equivalent<K> for Q
where Q: Eq + ?Sized, K: Borrow<Q> + ?Sized,

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fn equivalent(&self, key: &K) -> bool

Compare self to key and return true if they are equal.
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impl<T> From<T> for T

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fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

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impl<'a, 'py, T> FromPyObject<'a, 'py> for T
where T: PyClass + Clone + ExtractPyClassWithClone,

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type Error = PyClassGuardError<'a, 'py>

The type returned in the event of a conversion error. Read more
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fn extract( obj: Borrowed<'a, 'py, PyAny>, ) -> Result<T, <T as FromPyObject<'a, 'py>>::Error>

Extracts Self from the bound smart pointer obj. Read more
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impl<'py, T> FromPyObjectOwned<'py> for T
where T: for<'a> FromPyObject<'a, 'py>,

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impl<T, U> Into<U> for T
where U: From<T>,

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fn into(self) -> U

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

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impl<T> IntoEither for T

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fn into_either(self, into_left: bool) -> Either<Self, Self> ⓘ

Converts self into a Left variant of Either<Self, Self> if into_left is true. Converts self into a Right variant of Either<Self, Self> otherwise. Read more
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fn into_either_with<F>(self, into_left: F) -> Either<Self, Self> ⓘ
where F: FnOnce(&Self) -> bool,

Converts self into a Left variant of Either<Self, Self> if into_left(&self) returns true. Converts self into a Right variant of Either<Self, Self> otherwise. Read more
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impl<I> IntoIterator for I
where I: Iterator,

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type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item

The type of the elements being iterated over.
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type IntoIter = I

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?
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fn into_iter(self) -> I

Creates an iterator from a value. Read more
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impl<'py, T> IntoPyObjectExt<'py> for T
where T: IntoPyObject<'py>,

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fn into_bound_py_any(self, py: Python<'py>) -> Result<Bound<'py, PyAny>, PyErr>

Converts self into an owned Python object, dropping type information.
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fn into_py_any(self, py: Python<'py>) -> Result<Py<PyAny>, PyErr>

Converts self into an owned Python object, dropping type information and unbinding it from the 'py lifetime.
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fn into_pyobject_or_pyerr(self, py: Python<'py>) -> Result<Self::Output, PyErr>

Converts self into a Python object. Read more
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impl<I> IteratorRandom for I
where I: Iterator,

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fn choose<R>(self, rng: &mut R) -> Option<Self::Item>
where R: Rng + ?Sized,

Uniformly sample one element Read more
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fn choose_stable<R>(self, rng: &mut R) -> Option<Self::Item>
where R: Rng + ?Sized,

Uniformly sample one element (stable) Read more
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fn sample_fill<R>(self, rng: &mut R, buf: &mut [Self::Item]) -> usize
where R: Rng + ?Sized,

Uniformly sample amount distinct elements into a buffer Read more
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fn sample<R>(self, rng: &mut R, amount: usize) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where R: Rng + ?Sized,

Uniformly sample amount distinct elements into a Vec Read more
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fn choose_multiple_fill<R>(self, rng: &mut R, buf: &mut [Self::Item]) -> usize
where R: Rng + ?Sized,

👎Deprecated since 0.10.0:

Renamed to sample_fill

Deprecated: use [Self::sample_fill] instead
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fn choose_multiple<R>(self, rng: &mut R, amount: usize) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where R: Rng + ?Sized,

👎Deprecated since 0.10.0:

Renamed to sample

Deprecated: use [Self::sample] instead
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impl<T> Itertools for T
where T: Iterator + ?Sized,

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fn interleave<J>( self, other: J, ) -> Interleave<Self, <J as IntoIterator>::IntoIter> ⓘ
where J: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

Alternate elements from two iterators until both have run out. Read more
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fn interleave_shortest<J>( self, other: J, ) -> InterleaveShortest<Self, <J as IntoIterator>::IntoIter> ⓘ
where J: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

Alternate elements from two iterators until at least one of them has run out. Read more
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fn intersperse( self, element: Self::Item, ) -> IntersperseWith<Self, IntersperseElementSimple<Self::Item>> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

An iterator adaptor to insert a particular value between each element of the adapted iterator. Read more
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fn intersperse_with<F>(self, element: F) -> IntersperseWith<Self, F> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut() -> Self::Item,

An iterator adaptor to insert a particular value created by a function between each element of the adapted iterator. Read more
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fn zip_longest<J>( self, other: J, ) -> ZipLongest<Self, <J as IntoIterator>::IntoIter> ⓘ
where J: IntoIterator, Self: Sized,

Create an iterator which iterates over both this and the specified iterator simultaneously, yielding pairs of two optional elements. Read more
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fn zip_eq<J>(self, other: J) -> ZipEq<Self, <J as IntoIterator>::IntoIter> ⓘ
where J: IntoIterator, Self: Sized,

Create an iterator which iterates over both this and the specified iterator simultaneously, yielding pairs of elements. Read more
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fn batching<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Batching<Self, F> ⓘ
where F: FnMut(&mut Self) -> Option<B>, Self: Sized,

A “meta iterator adaptor”. Its closure receives a reference to the iterator and may pick off as many elements as it likes, to produce the next iterator element. Read more
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fn group_by<K, F>(self, key: F) -> GroupBy<K, Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K, K: PartialEq,

Return an iterable that can group iterator elements. Consecutive elements that map to the same key (“runs”), are assigned to the same group. Read more
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fn chunks(self, size: usize) -> IntoChunks<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Return an iterable that can chunk the iterator. Read more
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fn tuple_windows<T>(self) -> TupleWindows<Self, T> ⓘ
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = <T as TupleCollect>::Item>, T: HomogeneousTuple, <T as TupleCollect>::Item: Clone,

Return an iterator over all contiguous windows producing tuples of a specific size (up to 12). Read more
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fn circular_tuple_windows<T>(self) -> CircularTupleWindows<Self, T> ⓘ
where Self: Sized + Clone + Iterator<Item = <T as TupleCollect>::Item> + ExactSizeIterator, T: TupleCollect + Clone, <T as TupleCollect>::Item: Clone,

Return an iterator over all windows, wrapping back to the first elements when the window would otherwise exceed the length of the iterator, producing tuples of a specific size (up to 12). Read more
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fn tuples<T>(self) -> Tuples<Self, T> ⓘ
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = <T as TupleCollect>::Item>, T: HomogeneousTuple,

Return an iterator that groups the items in tuples of a specific size (up to 12). Read more
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fn tee(self) -> (Tee<Self>, Tee<Self>)
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

Split into an iterator pair that both yield all elements from the original iterator. Read more
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fn step(self, n: usize) -> Step<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized,

👎Deprecated since 0.8.0:

Use std .step_by() instead

Return an iterator adaptor that steps n elements in the base iterator for each iteration. Read more
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fn map_into<R>(self) -> MapSpecialCase<Self, MapSpecialCaseFnInto<R>>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Into<R>,

Convert each item of the iterator using the Into trait. Read more
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fn map_results<F, T, U, E>( self, f: F, ) -> MapSpecialCase<Self, MapSpecialCaseFnOk<F>>
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>>, F: FnMut(T) -> U,

👎Deprecated since 0.10.0:

Use .map_ok() instead

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fn map_ok<F, T, U, E>(self, f: F) -> MapSpecialCase<Self, MapSpecialCaseFnOk<F>>
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>>, F: FnMut(T) -> U,

Return an iterator adaptor that applies the provided closure to every Result::Ok value. Result::Err values are unchanged. Read more
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fn filter_ok<F, T, E>(self, f: F) -> FilterOk<Self, F> ⓘ
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>>, F: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

Return an iterator adaptor that filters every Result::Ok value with the provided closure. Result::Err values are unchanged. Read more
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fn filter_map_ok<F, T, U, E>(self, f: F) -> FilterMapOk<Self, F> ⓘ
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>>, F: FnMut(T) -> Option<U>,

Return an iterator adaptor that filters and transforms every Result::Ok value with the provided closure. Result::Err values are unchanged. Read more
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fn flatten_ok<T, E>(self) -> FlattenOk<Self, T, E> ⓘ
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>>, T: IntoIterator,

Return an iterator adaptor that flattens every Result::Ok value into a series of Result::Ok values. Result::Err values are unchanged. Read more
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fn merge<J>( self, other: J, ) -> MergeBy<Self, <J as IntoIterator>::IntoIter, MergeLte> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: PartialOrd, J: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>,

Return an iterator adaptor that merges the two base iterators in ascending order. If both base iterators are sorted (ascending), the result is sorted. Read more
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fn merge_by<J, F>( self, other: J, is_first: F, ) -> MergeBy<Self, <J as IntoIterator>::IntoIter, F> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, J: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> bool,

Return an iterator adaptor that merges the two base iterators in order. This is much like .merge() but allows for a custom ordering. Read more
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fn merge_join_by<J, F>( self, other: J, cmp_fn: F, ) -> MergeJoinBy<Self, <J as IntoIterator>::IntoIter, F> ⓘ
where J: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &<J as IntoIterator>::Item) -> Ordering, Self: Sized,

Create an iterator that merges items from both this and the specified iterator in ascending order. Read more
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fn kmerge(self) -> KMergeBy<<Self::Item as IntoIterator>::IntoIter, KMergeByLt> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: IntoIterator, <Self::Item as IntoIterator>::Item: PartialOrd,

Return an iterator adaptor that flattens an iterator of iterators by merging them in ascending order. Read more
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fn kmerge_by<F>( self, first: F, ) -> KMergeBy<<Self::Item as IntoIterator>::IntoIter, F> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(&<Self::Item as IntoIterator>::Item, &<Self::Item as IntoIterator>::Item) -> bool,

Return an iterator adaptor that flattens an iterator of iterators by merging them according to the given closure. Read more
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fn cartesian_product<J>( self, other: J, ) -> Product<Self, <J as IntoIterator>::IntoIter> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone, J: IntoIterator, <J as IntoIterator>::IntoIter: Clone,

Return an iterator adaptor that iterates over the cartesian product of the element sets of two iterators self and J. Read more
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fn multi_cartesian_product( self, ) -> MultiProduct<<Self::Item as IntoIterator>::IntoIter> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: IntoIterator, <Self::Item as IntoIterator>::IntoIter: Clone, <Self::Item as IntoIterator>::Item: Clone,

Return an iterator adaptor that iterates over the cartesian product of all subiterators returned by meta-iterator self. Read more
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fn coalesce<F>(self, f: F) -> CoalesceBy<Self, F, Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Result<Self::Item, (Self::Item, Self::Item)>,

Return an iterator adaptor that uses the passed-in closure to optionally merge together consecutive elements. Read more
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fn dedup(self) -> CoalesceBy<Self, DedupPred2CoalescePred<DedupEq>, Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: PartialEq,

Remove duplicates from sections of consecutive identical elements. If the iterator is sorted, all elements will be unique. Read more
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fn dedup_by<Cmp>( self, cmp: Cmp, ) -> CoalesceBy<Self, DedupPred2CoalescePred<Cmp>, Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, Cmp: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> bool,

Remove duplicates from sections of consecutive identical elements, determining equality using a comparison function. If the iterator is sorted, all elements will be unique. Read more
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fn dedup_with_count( self, ) -> CoalesceBy<Self, DedupPredWithCount2CoalescePred<DedupEq>, (usize, Self::Item)>
where Self: Sized,

Remove duplicates from sections of consecutive identical elements, while keeping a count of how many repeated elements were present. If the iterator is sorted, all elements will be unique. Read more
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fn dedup_by_with_count<Cmp>( self, cmp: Cmp, ) -> CoalesceBy<Self, DedupPredWithCount2CoalescePred<Cmp>, (usize, Self::Item)>
where Self: Sized, Cmp: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> bool,

Remove duplicates from sections of consecutive identical elements, while keeping a count of how many repeated elements were present. This will determine equality using a comparison function. If the iterator is sorted, all elements will be unique. Read more
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fn duplicates(self) -> DuplicatesBy<Self, Self::Item, ById>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Eq + Hash,

Return an iterator adaptor that produces elements that appear more than once during the iteration. Duplicates are detected using hash and equality. Read more
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fn duplicates_by<V, F>(self, f: F) -> DuplicatesBy<Self, V, ByFn<F>>
where Self: Sized, V: Eq + Hash, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> V,

Return an iterator adaptor that produces elements that appear more than once during the iteration. Duplicates are detected using hash and equality. Read more
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fn unique(self) -> Unique<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone + Eq + Hash,

Return an iterator adaptor that filters out elements that have already been produced once during the iteration. Duplicates are detected using hash and equality. Read more
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fn unique_by<V, F>(self, f: F) -> UniqueBy<Self, V, F> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, V: Eq + Hash, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> V,

Return an iterator adaptor that filters out elements that have already been produced once during the iteration. Read more
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fn peeking_take_while<F>(&mut self, accept: F) -> PeekingTakeWhile<'_, Self, F> ⓘ
where Self: Sized + PeekingNext, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Return an iterator adaptor that borrows from this iterator and takes items while the closure accept returns true. Read more
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fn take_while_ref<F>(&mut self, accept: F) -> TakeWhileRef<'_, Self, F> ⓘ
where Self: Clone, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Return an iterator adaptor that borrows from a Clone-able iterator to only pick off elements while the predicate accept returns true. Read more
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fn while_some<A>(self) -> WhileSome<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = Option<A>>,

Return an iterator adaptor that filters Option<A> iterator elements and produces A. Stops on the first None encountered. Read more
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fn tuple_combinations<T>(self) -> TupleCombinations<Self, T> ⓘ
where Self: Sized + Clone, Self::Item: Clone, T: HasCombination<Self>,

Return an iterator adaptor that iterates over the combinations of the elements from an iterator. Read more
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fn combinations(self, k: usize) -> Combinations<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

Return an iterator adaptor that iterates over the k-length combinations of the elements from an iterator. Read more
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fn combinations_with_replacement( self, k: usize, ) -> CombinationsWithReplacement<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

Return an iterator that iterates over the k-length combinations of the elements from an iterator, with replacement. Read more
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fn permutations(self, k: usize) -> Permutations<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

Return an iterator adaptor that iterates over all k-permutations of the elements from an iterator. Read more
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fn powerset(self) -> Powerset<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

Return an iterator that iterates through the powerset of the elements from an iterator. Read more
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fn pad_using<F>(self, min: usize, f: F) -> PadUsing<Self, F> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(usize) -> Self::Item,

Return an iterator adaptor that pads the sequence to a minimum length of min by filling missing elements using a closure f. Read more
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fn with_position(self) -> WithPosition<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized,

Return an iterator adaptor that wraps each element in a Position to ease special-case handling of the first or last elements. Read more
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fn positions<P>(self, predicate: P) -> Positions<Self, P> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Return an iterator adaptor that yields the indices of all elements satisfying a predicate, counted from the start of the iterator. Read more
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fn update<F>(self, updater: F) -> Update<Self, F> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&mut Self::Item),

Return an iterator adaptor that applies a mutating function to each element before yielding it. Read more
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fn next_tuple<T>(&mut self) -> Option<T>
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = <T as TupleCollect>::Item>, T: HomogeneousTuple,

Advances the iterator and returns the next items grouped in a tuple of a specific size (up to 12). Read more
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fn collect_tuple<T>(self) -> Option<T>
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = <T as TupleCollect>::Item>, T: HomogeneousTuple,

Collects all items from the iterator into a tuple of a specific size (up to 12). Read more
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fn find_position<P>(&mut self, pred: P) -> Option<(usize, Self::Item)>
where P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Find the position and value of the first element satisfying a predicate. Read more
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fn find_or_last<P>(self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Find the value of the first element satisfying a predicate or return the last element, if any. Read more
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fn find_or_first<P>(self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Find the value of the first element satisfying a predicate or return the first element, if any. Read more
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fn contains<Q>(&mut self, query: &Q) -> bool
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Borrow<Q>, Q: PartialEq,

Returns true if the given item is present in this iterator. Read more
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fn all_equal(&mut self) -> bool
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: PartialEq,

Check whether all elements compare equal. Read more
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fn all_unique(&mut self) -> bool
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Eq + Hash,

Check whether all elements are unique (non equal). Read more
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fn dropping(self, n: usize) -> Self
where Self: Sized,

Consume the first n elements from the iterator eagerly, and return the same iterator again. Read more
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fn dropping_back(self, n: usize) -> Self
where Self: Sized + DoubleEndedIterator,

Consume the last n elements from the iterator eagerly, and return the same iterator again. Read more
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fn foreach<F>(self, f: F)
where F: FnMut(Self::Item), Self: Sized,

👎Deprecated since 0.8.0:

Use .for_each() instead

Run the closure f eagerly on each element of the iterator. Read more
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fn concat(self) -> Self::Item
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Extend<<Self::Item as IntoIterator>::Item> + IntoIterator + Default,

Combine all an iterator’s elements into one element by using Extend. Read more
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fn collect_vec(self) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized,

.collect_vec() is simply a type specialization of Iterator::collect, for convenience.
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fn try_collect<T, U, E>(self) -> Result<U, E>
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>>, Result<U, E>: FromIterator<Result<T, E>>,

.try_collect() is more convenient way of writing .collect::<Result<_, _>>() Read more
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fn set_from<'a, A, J>(&mut self, from: J) -> usize
where A: 'a, Self: Iterator<Item = &'a mut A>, J: IntoIterator<Item = A>,

Assign to each reference in self from the from iterator, stopping at the shortest of the two iterators. Read more
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fn join(&mut self, sep: &str) -> String
where Self::Item: Display,

Combine all iterator elements into one String, separated by sep. Read more
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fn format(self, sep: &str) -> Format<'_, Self>
where Self: Sized,

Format all iterator elements, separated by sep. Read more
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fn format_with<F>(self, sep: &str, format: F) -> FormatWith<'_, Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item, &mut dyn FnMut(&dyn Display) -> Result<(), Error>) -> Result<(), Error>,

Format all iterator elements, separated by sep. Read more
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fn fold_results<A, E, B, F>(&mut self, start: B, f: F) -> Result<B, E>
where Self: Iterator<Item = Result<A, E>>, F: FnMut(B, A) -> B,

👎Deprecated since 0.10.0:

Use .fold_ok() instead

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fn fold_ok<A, E, B, F>(&mut self, start: B, f: F) -> Result<B, E>
where Self: Iterator<Item = Result<A, E>>, F: FnMut(B, A) -> B,

Fold Result values from an iterator. Read more
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fn fold_options<A, B, F>(&mut self, start: B, f: F) -> Option<B>
where Self: Iterator<Item = Option<A>>, F: FnMut(B, A) -> B,

Fold Option values from an iterator. Read more
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fn fold1<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Self::Item, Self: Sized,

👎Deprecated since 0.10.2:

Use Iterator::reduce instead

Accumulator of the elements in the iterator. Read more
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fn tree_fold1<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Self::Item, Self: Sized,

Accumulate the elements in the iterator in a tree-like manner. Read more
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fn fold_while<B, F>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> FoldWhile<B>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> FoldWhile<B>,

An iterator method that applies a function, producing a single, final value. Read more
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fn sum1<S>(self) -> Option<S>
where Self: Sized, S: Sum<Self::Item>,

Iterate over the entire iterator and add all the elements. Read more
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fn product1<P>(self) -> Option<P>
where Self: Sized, P: Product<Self::Item>,

Iterate over the entire iterator and multiply all the elements. Read more
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fn sorted_unstable(self) -> IntoIter<Self::Item> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order. Read more
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fn sorted_unstable_by<F>(self, cmp: F) -> IntoIter<Self::Item> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order. Read more
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fn sorted_unstable_by_key<K, F>(self, f: F) -> IntoIter<Self::Item> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, K: Ord, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order. Read more
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fn sorted(self) -> IntoIter<Self::Item> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order. Read more
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fn sorted_by<F>(self, cmp: F) -> IntoIter<Self::Item> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order. Read more
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fn sorted_by_key<K, F>(self, f: F) -> IntoIter<Self::Item> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, K: Ord, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order. Read more
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fn sorted_by_cached_key<K, F>(self, f: F) -> IntoIter<Self::Item> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, K: Ord, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order. The key function is called exactly once per key. Read more
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fn k_smallest(self, k: usize) -> IntoIter<Self::Item> ⓘ
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Sort the k smallest elements into a new iterator, in ascending order. Read more
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fn partition_map<A, B, F, L, R>(self, predicate: F) -> (A, B)
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Either<L, R>, A: Default + Extend<L>, B: Default + Extend<R>,

Collect all iterator elements into one of two partitions. Unlike Iterator::partition, each partition may have a distinct type. Read more
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fn partition_result<A, B, T, E>(self) -> (A, B)
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>>, A: Default + Extend<T>, B: Default + Extend<E>,

Partition a sequence of Results into one list of all the Ok elements and another list of all the Err elements. Read more
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fn into_group_map<K, V>(self) -> HashMap<K, Vec<V>>
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = (K, V)>, K: Hash + Eq,

Return a HashMap of keys mapped to Vecs of values. Keys and values are taken from (Key, Value) tuple pairs yielded by the input iterator. Read more
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fn into_group_map_by<K, V, F>(self, f: F) -> HashMap<K, Vec<V>>
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = V>, K: Hash + Eq, F: Fn(&V) -> K,

Return an Iterator on a HashMap. Keys mapped to Vecs of values. The key is specified in the closure. Read more
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fn into_grouping_map<K, V>(self) -> GroupingMap<Self>
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = (K, V)>, K: Hash + Eq,

Constructs a GroupingMap to be used later with one of the efficient group-and-fold operations it allows to perform. Read more
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fn into_grouping_map_by<K, V, F>( self, key_mapper: F, ) -> GroupingMap<MapForGrouping<Self, F>>
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = V>, K: Hash + Eq, F: FnMut(&V) -> K,

Constructs a GroupingMap to be used later with one of the efficient group-and-fold operations it allows to perform. Read more
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fn min_set(self) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Return all minimum elements of an iterator. Read more
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fn min_set_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Return all minimum elements of an iterator, as determined by the specified function. Read more
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fn min_set_by_key<K, F>(self, key: F) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, K: Ord, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Return all minimum elements of an iterator, as determined by the specified function. Read more
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fn max_set(self) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Return all maximum elements of an iterator. Read more
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fn max_set_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Return all maximum elements of an iterator, as determined by the specified function. Read more
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fn max_set_by_key<K, F>(self, key: F) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, K: Ord, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Return all minimum elements of an iterator, as determined by the specified function. Read more
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fn minmax(self) -> MinMaxResult<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: PartialOrd,

Return the minimum and maximum elements in the iterator. Read more
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fn minmax_by_key<K, F>(self, key: F) -> MinMaxResult<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, K: PartialOrd, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Return the minimum and maximum element of an iterator, as determined by the specified function. Read more
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fn minmax_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> MinMaxResult<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Return the minimum and maximum element of an iterator, as determined by the specified comparison function. Read more
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fn position_max(self) -> Option<usize>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Return the position of the maximum element in the iterator. Read more
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fn position_max_by_key<K, F>(self, key: F) -> Option<usize>
where Self: Sized, K: Ord, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Return the position of the maximum element in the iterator, as determined by the specified function. Read more
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fn position_max_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<usize>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Return the position of the maximum element in the iterator, as determined by the specified comparison function. Read more
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fn position_min(self) -> Option<usize>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Return the position of the minimum element in the iterator. Read more
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fn position_min_by_key<K, F>(self, key: F) -> Option<usize>
where Self: Sized, K: Ord, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Return the position of the minimum element in the iterator, as determined by the specified function. Read more
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fn position_min_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<usize>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Return the position of the minimum element in the iterator, as determined by the specified comparison function. Read more
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fn position_minmax(self) -> MinMaxResult<usize>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: PartialOrd,

Return the positions of the minimum and maximum elements in the iterator. Read more
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fn position_minmax_by_key<K, F>(self, key: F) -> MinMaxResult<usize>
where Self: Sized, K: PartialOrd, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Return the postions of the minimum and maximum elements of an iterator, as determined by the specified function. Read more
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fn position_minmax_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> MinMaxResult<usize>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Return the postions of the minimum and maximum elements of an iterator, as determined by the specified comparison function. Read more
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fn exactly_one(self) -> Result<Self::Item, ExactlyOneError<Self>>
where Self: Sized,

If the iterator yields exactly one element, that element will be returned, otherwise an error will be returned containing an iterator that has the same output as the input iterator. Read more
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fn at_most_one(self) -> Result<Option<Self::Item>, ExactlyOneError<Self>>
where Self: Sized,

If the iterator yields no elements, Ok(None) will be returned. If the iterator yields exactly one element, that element will be returned, otherwise an error will be returned containing an iterator that has the same output as the input iterator. Read more
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fn multipeek(self) -> MultiPeek<Self> ⓘ
where Self: Sized,

An iterator adaptor that allows the user to peek at multiple .next() values without advancing the base iterator. Read more
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fn counts(self) -> HashMap<Self::Item, usize>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Eq + Hash,

Collect the items in this iterator and return a HashMap which contains each item that appears in the iterator and the number of times it appears. Read more
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fn counts_by<K, F>(self, f: F) -> HashMap<K, usize>
where Self: Sized, K: Eq + Hash, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> K,

Collect the items in this iterator and return a HashMap which contains each item that appears in the iterator and the number of times it appears, determining identity using a keying function. Read more
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fn multiunzip<FromI>(self) -> FromI
where Self: Sized + MultiUnzip<FromI>,

Converts an iterator of tuples into a tuple of containers. Read more
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impl<T> ParallelBridge for T
where T: Iterator + Send, <T as Iterator>::Item: Send,

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fn par_bridge(self) -> IterBridge<T>

Creates a bridge from this type to a ParallelIterator.
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impl<T> Pointable for T

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const ALIGN: usize

The alignment of pointer.
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type Init = T

The type for initializers.
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unsafe fn init(init: <T as Pointable>::Init) -> usize

Initializes a with the given initializer. Read more
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unsafe fn deref<'a>(ptr: usize) -> &'a T

Dereferences the given pointer. Read more
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unsafe fn deref_mut<'a>(ptr: usize) -> &'a mut T

Mutably dereferences the given pointer. Read more
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unsafe fn drop(ptr: usize)

Drops the object pointed to by the given pointer. Read more
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impl<S, T> ProgressIterator for T
where T: Iterator<Item = S>,

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fn progress_with(self, progress: ProgressBar) -> ProgressBarIter<T> ⓘ

Wrap an iterator with a custom progress bar.
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fn try_progress(self) -> Option<ProgressBarIter<Self>>

Wrap an iterator with default styling. Uses Iterator::size_hint() to get length. Returns Some(..) only if size_hint.1 is Some. If you want to create a progress bar even if size_hint.1 returns None use progress_count() or progress_with() instead.
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fn progress(self) -> ProgressBarIter<Self> ⓘ
where Self: ExactSizeIterator,

Wrap an iterator with default styling.
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fn progress_count(self, len: u64) -> ProgressBarIter<Self> ⓘ

Wrap an iterator with an explicit element count.
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fn progress_with_style(self, style: ProgressStyle) -> ProgressBarIter<Self> ⓘ
where Self: ExactSizeIterator,

Wrap an iterator with a progress bar and style it.
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impl<T> PyErrArguments for T
where T: for<'py> IntoPyObject<'py> + Send + Sync,

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fn arguments(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Py<PyAny>

Arguments for exception
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impl<T> PyTypeCheck for T
where T: PyTypeInfo,

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fn type_check(object: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> bool

Checks if object is an instance of Self, which may include a subtype. Read more
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fn classinfo_object(py: Python<'_>) -> Bound<'_, PyAny>

Returns the expected type as a possible argument for the isinstance and issubclass function. Read more
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impl<T> Read<Exclusive, BecauseExclusive> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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impl<T> Same for T

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type Output = T

Should always be Self
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impl<T> Scalar for T
where T: 'static + Clone + PartialEq + Debug,

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impl<SS, SP> SupersetOf<SS> for SP
where SS: SubsetOf<SP>,

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fn to_subset(&self) -> Option<SS>

The inverse inclusion map: attempts to construct self from the equivalent element of its superset. Read more
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fn is_in_subset(&self) -> bool

Checks if self is actually part of its subset T (and can be converted to it).
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fn to_subset_unchecked(&self) -> SS

Use with care! Same as self.to_subset but without any property checks. Always succeeds.
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fn from_subset(element: &SS) -> SP

The inclusion map: converts self to the equivalent element of its superset.
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impl<T> ToOwned for T
where T: Clone,

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type Owned = T

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.
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fn to_owned(&self) -> T

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. Read more
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fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. Read more
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impl<T> ToString for T
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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fn to_string(&self) -> String

Converts the given value to a String. Read more
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,

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type Error = !

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, !>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,

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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T> Ungil for T
where T: Send,